Mesopotamia wasrich infood resourcesbut its mineral resourceswere few.Movement of Goods into Cities and communication: Thus, organised trade, storage, deliveries of grain and other food items from the villageto the city were controlled and supervised by the rulers. Fuel, metal,various stones, wood, etc., come from many different places forcity manufacturers. There must be a social organisation in Cities.The division of labouris a mark of urban life. For instance, the carver of astone seal requires bronze tools that he himself cannot make, andcoloured stones for the seals that he does not know where to get.There iscontinuous interaction among them. City people, thus, cease to be self-sufficient and dependon the products or services of other people. Urbancentres involve in various economic activities such asfood production, trade, manufacturesand services.The Significance of Urbanism in Mesopotamia: Further, fish was available inrivers and date-palms gave fruit in summer. Not only agriculture, Mesopotamian sheep and goats that grazedon the steppe, the north-eastern plains and the mountain slopesproducedmeat, milk and wool in abundance.When they flood or when their water is let out on to the fields, fertilesilt is deposited. Thisdesert could support cities because the rivers Euphrates and Tigris,which rise in the northern mountains, carry loads of silt. The south is a desert – andthis is where the first cities and writing emerged.
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Inthe east, tributaries of the Tigris provide routes ofcommunication into the mountains of Iran.In the north,there is a stretch of upland called a steppe, where animal herdingoffers people a better livelihood than agriculture – after the winterrains, sheep and goats feed on the grasses and low shrubs that growhere.In the north-east lie green,undulating plains, gradually rising to tree-covered mountain rangeswith clear streams and wild flowers, with enough rainfall to grow crops. Mesopotamia is a land of diverse environments.There are thousands ofwritten documents as well to study Mesopotamian Civilisation.We studyhundreds of Mesopotamian buildings, statues, ornaments,graves, tools and seals as sources.Sources to understand mesopotomian civilization: Mesopotamia’s writing systemand literature spread to the eastern Mediterranean, northernSyria, and Turkey.Mesopotamian civilisationis known for itsprosperity, city life, voluminous and rich literature, itsmathematics and astronomy.When Assyrians speakers arrived and established their rule in southern part of Mesopotamia it was called as Assyrianscivilisation AkkadianCivilisation –Īround 2400 BCEwhen Akkadian speakers arrived and established their rule in southern part of Mesopotamia it was called as Akkadiancivilisation.
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That is why this civilization is otherwise called as Sumerian CivilisationĪfter 2000 BCE, when Babylon became animportant city ofthis civilization it is called as Babylonian Civilisation. The first known language of Mesopotamia was Sumerian. Mesopotamia means the land between the (Euphrates and the Tigris) rivers.
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The name Mesopotamia is derived from the Greek words mesos, meaning middle, and potamos, meaning river. The Legacy of Writing (Science and Technology) in Mesopotamia:ĭifferent Names used for the same civilization: Mesopotamian civilisation –.A Trading Town in a Pastoral Zone( Life in the city of Mari):.Role of kings in Construction and maintenance of temples in Mesopotamia:.Construction and maintenance of temples in Mesopotamia:.The Development of Writing in Mesopotamia:.Movement of Goods into Cities and communication:.The Significance of Urbanism in Mesopotamia:.Sources to understand mesopotomian civilization:.Different Names used for the same civilization:.